Background: Antimalarials quinacrine (Qc) and chloroquine (Cq) intercalate DNA, potentiate the activity of other\ndrugs and have lysosomotropic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities that could increase the effect of the\n3?-azido-3?-deoxythymidine (AZT) antiretroviral agent. The aim of the current study was to evaluate if Qc and Cq\ncould improve the in vitro effect of the antiretroviral AZT agent.\nFindings: Inhibition of viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)SF33-infected peripheral blood\nmononuclear cells treated with Qc or Cq, alone or combined with a low dose of AZT was measured. Viral\nreplication increased with Qc and decreased with high doses of Cq. The increase of replication caused by Qc was\nreversed by AZT. Neither Qc nor Cq significantly changed the antiviral activity of AZT.\nConclusion: Cq does not potentiate the effect of AZT, but it is effective by itself at high doses. The rise of HIV\nreplication by Qc could be deleterious in HIV endemic regions, where it is used as antimalarial. The mechanisms\nassociated to this phenomenon must be identified.
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